Nasrids: 13th to 15th centuries
On the northern borders of present-day Granada province numerous battles for property and land took place from the beginning of the 13th century as Christian armies fought to wrest control of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. But it was the battle at Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that became one of the turning points in the Christian reconquista. Alfonso VIII and his troops had sneaked through the Despeñaperros Pass in the rugged Sierra Morena and taken the Moors by surprise. The Almohads suffered fatalities of some 100,000 men, the Christians 2,000 only. This marked the end of the Almohad era and left the way clear for the next, and longest lasting, Muslim dynasty in Al-Andalús – the Nasrids who and ruled as a vassal state for the next 250 years.
Fernando III who had become King of Castile back in 1217 ascended to be King of León in 1230. He masterminded the most expansive southward territorial expansion campaign yet in the Guadalquivir Valley, in which Islamic rule was in disarray in the wake of the decline of Almohads Córdoba was conquered in 1236. At some point the Nasrids in Al-Andaluz aligned themselves with Fernando III, likely around the time of Fernando III's accession to the Castilian throne.of Castile. It was was a strategic move born out of necessity and a desire for survival in a rapidly changing political landscape. The exact terms of the alliance are not fully documented, but it is believed that the Nasrids agreed to pay tribute to Castile and to recognize Castilian sovereignty over certain territories. In return, Castile pledged to protect the Nasrid kingdom from external threats. The Nazarid leader was Al-Ahmar ibn Nasr who was was appointed governor of his native town of Arjona in 1231, extending his power soon after from Jaén to Guadix. Al-Ahmar ibn Nasr 's clan was known as the Banu Nasr. According to one account the clan was descended from a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad known as Sa'd ibn Ubadah whose descendants left Medina and migrated to Spain and settled in Arjona as farmers.
Trade links with the rest of the Muslim world were strengthened. This was especially so with the gold trade with sub-Saharan regions in Africa, and the Nasrids were also providers of mercenary troops for Castile. But they are principally renowned for the elegance and splendour of their architecture, including the complex network in Granada, unique in Europe, of fountains, wells and baths to supply the numerous, large hammans, or public baths, which formed an integral part of their culture.
During the Nasrid dynasty their rulers’ centre of power was the city of Granada. Their style was very decorative. They covered walls and floors with a profusion of beautifully designed ceramic tiles, used stucco or creatively carved plaster, and painted artistic decorations on many surfaces. Their usual ornamental motifs were geometric, or took the form of plant life, and they also included writings from the Koran. Although the Nasrids continued to follow models of architecture of their predecessors the Almohads, they brought in the innovative use of marble in many of their more important buildings.
The pièce de resistance of Granada is the Alhambra, considered the epitome of Nasrid architecture. Originally a complete government city built for the Moorish rulers, it had mosques and mansions, schools and army barracks, as well as large areas of formal gardens such as the incomparable Generalife. The Alcazaba, or fortress, and the Nasrid palaces, where Arabic inscriptions feature prominently and decorative ceramics abound, remain almost intact nearly 700 years later as testimony to their constructive artistry. Numerous Moorish buildings in Granada were however destroyed or built over during the subsequent Christian era, but those that remain comprise the most complete group of Muslim housing architecture in Europe.
What is the Nasrid's greatest legacy?
The Alhambra and Generalife Gardens in Granada.
Moorish history of Andalucia
Tariq’s Invasion
Umayyads
Almoravids and Almohads
Las Navas de Tolosa
Nasrids
Boabdil
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